![]() ![]() ![]() When the Spanish conquistadors arrived from the north, the Inca Empire was ruled by Huayna Capac, who had two sons: Atahualpa, being in charge of the northern parts of the empire, and Huáscar, seated in the Incan capital Cusco. Through a succession of wars and marriages among the nations that inhabited the valley, the region became part of the Inca Empire in 1463. After years of fiery resistance by the Cañaris and other tribes, as demonstrated by the battle of Yahuarcocha (Blood Lake) where thousands of resistance fighters were killed and thrown in the lake, the region fell to the Incan expansion and was assimilated loosely into the Incan empire. Each civilization developed its own distinctive architecture, pottery, and religious interests, although consolidated under a confederation called the Shyris which exercised organized trading and bartering between the different regions and whose political and military power was under the rule of the Duchicela blood line before the Inca invasion. Many civilizations rose throughout Ecuador, such as the Valdivia Culture and Machalilla Culture on the coast, the Quitus (near present day Quito) and the Cañari (near present day Cuenca). It is a medium-income country with an HDI score of 0.720 (2011). Įcuador is a presidential republic and became independent in 1830, after having been part of the Spanish colonial empire and the republic of Gran Colombia. The new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable Rights of Nature, or ecosystem rights. This species diversity makes Ecuador one of the 17 megadiverse countries in the world. Ecuador is also home-despite its size-to a great variety of species, many of them endemic, like those of the Galápagos islands. The historic center of Cuenca, the third largest city in the country, was also declared a World Heritage Site in 1999, for being an outstanding example of a planned inland Spanish style colonial city in the Americas. Its capital city is Quito, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the 1970s for having the best preserved and least altered historic center in Latin America. Ecuador straddles the equator, from which it takes its name, and has an area of 275,830 km 2 (106,500 sq mi). The main spoken language in Ecuador is Spanish. The country also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) west of the mainland. It is one of only two countries in South America, (along with Chile), that do not have a border with Brazil. dollar and Ecuadorian centavo coinsĮcuador ( i / ˈ ɛ k w ə d ɔr / E-kwə-dawr), officially the Republic of Ecuador (Spanish: República del Ecuador, which literally translates to the "Republic of the Equator") is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. Quechua and other Amerindian languages spoken by indigenous communities. Unitary presidential constitutional republic ![]()
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